{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{tabular}{l*{5}{c}}
\toprule
            &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(5)}   \\
\midrule
$\beta$\textsubscript{1850-1855}&      -0.210   &      -0.347   &      -0.284   &      -0.306   &      -0.209   \\
            &     [0.324]   &     [0.362]   &     [0.328]   &     [0.339]   &     [0.350]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1856-1860}&     -0.0298   &      -0.142   &      -0.152   &      -0.201   &      -0.209   \\
            &     [0.200]   &     [0.261]   &     [0.221]   &     [0.218]   &     [0.238]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1866-1870}&      -1.409***&      -1.502***&      -1.416***&      -1.486***&      -1.450***\\
            &     [0.432]   &     [0.424]   &     [0.424]   &     [0.400]   &     [0.432]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1871-1875}&      -1.976***&      -2.275***&      -1.993***&      -2.095***&      -2.010***\\
            &     [0.563]   &     [0.456]   &     [0.559]   &     [0.534]   &     [0.554]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1876-1880}&      -1.915***&      -2.294***&      -2.025***&      -2.065***&      -1.973***\\
            &     [0.570]   &     [0.443]   &     [0.567]   &     [0.553]   &     [0.563]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1881-1885}&      -1.647***&      -1.910***&      -1.732***&      -1.714***&      -1.668***\\
            &     [0.573]   &     [0.566]   &     [0.556]   &     [0.562]   &     [0.578]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1886-1890}&      -1.311** &      -1.530** &      -1.361** &      -1.361** &      -1.339** \\
            &     [0.642]   &     [0.626]   &     [0.624]   &     [0.620]   &     [0.642]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1891-1895}&      -1.224** &      -1.535***&      -1.399** &      -1.331** &      -1.308** \\
            &     [0.594]   &     [0.558]   &     [0.571]   &     [0.581]   &     [0.598]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1896-1900}&      -1.523***&      -1.826***&      -1.660***&      -1.636***&      -1.597***\\
            &     [0.511]   &     [0.454]   &     [0.505]   &     [0.501]   &     [0.516]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1901-1905}&      -1.304** &      -1.626***&      -1.516***&      -1.415** &      -1.390** \\
            &     [0.575]   &     [0.549]   &     [0.565]   &     [0.574]   &     [0.588]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1906-1910}&      -0.901   &      -1.274** &      -1.136*  &      -1.070*  &      -1.023   \\
            &     [0.587]   &     [0.598]   &     [0.606]   &     [0.592]   &     [0.625]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1911-1914}&      -0.767   &      -1.147   &      -1.001   &      -0.948   &      -0.906   \\
            &     [0.689]   &     [0.709]   &     [0.704]   &     [0.690]   &     [0.741]   \\
Controls    &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Country\textsubscript{o} FE&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Inflation crisis\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&           Y   &               &               &               &               \\
Stock mkt crisis\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &           Y   &               &               &               \\
Sovereign debt crisis\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &           Y   &               &               \\
Banking crisis\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &               &           Y   &               \\
Any crisis\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &               &               &           Y   \\
I(Brit bank\textsubscript{o}) $\times$ t&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Country\textsubscript{dt}&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
\midrule
N           &       58173   &       58173   &       58173   &       58173   &       58173   \\
Clusters    &          61   &          61   &          61   &          61   &          61   \\
Adj. R{$^2$}&       0.546   &       0.545   &       0.545   &       0.546   &       0.545   \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
}
